The primary flying mission of the 193rd SOW is to execute specialized and contingency operations using advanced aircraft, highly trained operators, tactics, and air refueling techniques to infiltrate/exfiltrate, resupply, and perform information operations for Special Operations Forces. The unit also provides agile combat support in the form of Joint Terminal Attack Controllers, Expeditionary Civil Engineering, Combat Communications and Engineering support, Air Operations, Weather support and a premier Band to all combatant commanders. In addition, the wing hosts several unique training assets including Detachment 1, Bollen Range, that provides a quality, realistic tactical range environment for flying units throughout the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic; the Lightning Force Academy, which develops the level of knowledge and skill needed to train personnel to support the Engineering Installation mission; and the Regional Equipment Operators Training Site, which provides additional readiness training for upgrading proficiency levels for civil engineer heavy equipment operators throughout the Department of Defense.

The Air National Guard's federal mission is to maintain well-trained, well-equipped units available for prompt mobilization during war and provide assistance during national emergencies (such as natural disasters or civil disturbances). During peacetime, the combat-ready units and support units are assigned to most Air Force major commands to carry out missions compatible with training, mobilization readiness, humanitarian and contingency operations such as Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan.

When Air National Guard units are not mobilized or under federal control, they report to the governor of their respective state, territory (Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands) or the commanding general of the District of Columbia National Guard. Each of the 54 National Guard organizations is supervised by the adjutant general of the state or territory. Under state law, the Air National Guard provides protection of life, property and preserves peace, order and public safety. These missions are accomplished through emergency relief support during natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and forest fires; search and rescue operations; support to civil defense authorities; maintenance of vital public services and counterdrug operations.